The Principle Of Duality States Computer Science Essay

The Principle Of Duality States Computer Science EssayTo simplify a SOP for a Boolean expression using a K map, first base identify all the foreplay combinations that produce an end product of logical system level 1 and place them in their appropriate K map cell. Consequently, all other cells must contain zero (0). Second, assort the adjacent cells that contain 1 in a manner that maximizes the coat of the chemical groups precisely also minimizes the total rate of groups. All 1s in the produce must be embarrassd in a group plain if the group is only adept cell. Third, as individually SOP depot represents an AND expression, each (AND) grouping is written with only the comment uncertains that ar prevalent to the group. Finally, the simplified expression is fashion modeled by ORing each of the (AND) groups. To illustrate permit us consider the function X =first principle+ABC+ABC whose truth table and K map be illustrated below integrity table specifications for a l ogic function may non to include all possible combinations of the input binary digits for the input variables, yet they may still be complete specifications of the logic function for the prescribed application. In these situations certain input combinations will not occur due to the temper of the application. When the input combinations are irrelevant or shadowernot occur, the railroad siding stirs are in the Truth table and the K map are filled with an X and are referred to as dont care maintains.When simplifying K maps with dont care presents, the contents of the shadowy cells (1 or 0) are chosen according to preference. The aim is to en bear-sized group sizes thereby eliminating as m any input variables from the simplified expression as possible. Only those Xs that assist in simplifying the function should be included in the groupings. No additional Xs should be added that would result in additional name in the expression.THE TABULATION METHODThe K-map method acting is convenient as dogged as the number of variables does not exceed five or six, but when the number increases it becomes difficult to habituate this method. The tabulation method overcomes this difficulty, besides it is competent for computer mechanisation. It was first formulated by Quine and later improved by McCluskey. It is also known as the Quine-McCluskey method.The tabular method of simplification consits of both partsDetermination of Prime Impli female genitaliats.Selection of Essential Prime Implicants.The first part is covered in the software provided, the sec part is not. each(prenominal) minterm and its combined cells are included in the Minterm depict, and cerebrate lists techniques are used. link up lists are the best way to manage unknown amount of information at run succession instead of using a large array which is a waste of memory. The record used isPminterm = MintermMinterm = Record effect Word This is to clutches the decimal equivalent of the mintermNu mberOfOnes Byte This is to hold the no. of 1s in the field NumberSelected Boolean used as a beat when this term is selectedCellStr String a string to hold all minterms that form a cell with this term DashPlaceStr String a string to hold the place of the dash Next Pminterm a pointer to the next record to form a linked listEndThe software summons summarise as followsThe user enters the minterms in decimal equivalent.The program sorts minterms in the number of ones included in the binary equivalent (SortMinTerms).Any twain minterms that differ from each other by only one variable are combined (done in FirstTabulation procedure), two minterms fit into this category if the number in the lower group is greater than that in the upper one, and the two numbers differ by a power of 2 e.g. ( 2d = 0010b and 10d = 1010b the remainder is 8d which is a power of 2). Then the two numbers are copied to the second linked list ( First, Second, Vertex Pminterm). This procedure is carried fo r all the minterms. twin(a) groups are copied to second linked list while first one deleted.Then a second tabulation is carried in the SecondTabulation procedure, here each cell contained in the CellStr field of the Minterm record are compared together, a twinned is found if the numbers in one cell are greater than the other one and they differs by a power of 2 e.g. (0,2 and 8,10 differs by 8 which is a power of two) . This procedure is carried for all the records in the second linked list and matching cells are copied to the first linked list, and any incomparable cells are copied to the Vertex linked list. Then the second linked list is deleted.The step 4 is repeated m 1 time where m is the number of inputs, transferring cells between first and second linked lists.The ratiocination linked list and the vertex linked list prime implicants are printed in the ABC equivalent using the WMterm procedure.My program architecture can be used to simplify any number of inputs, but virtua l(a) limitations are in the Number field in the Minterm record which is a word i.e. 16 bits (16 inputs). Bearing in mind as come up the simplified expression is contained in a string which is only 255 characters. around inputs and corresponding turn outputs to try on the programBoolean Expression change Boolean ExpressionF(A,B,C) = S(0,6,7)ABC + ABF(A,B,C) = S(0,4,6,7)BC + AB + ACF(A,B,C,D,E,F) = S(4,5,6,7,36,37,38,39)BCDF(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H) = S(16,17 up to 31,144,145 up to 159)BCDVARIABLE ENTERED METHOD (VEM)The conventional logic minimisation is time consuming easy only for 4-5 variables. It becomes difficult to solve using conventional K-map method when number of variables goes on increasing. In that case shifting Entered Method will be good idea to use. It represents values of functions in terms of its variables called map entered variables.A new method for obtaining a squash subsumptive general solution of a system of Boolean equations is presented. The method relies on the use of the variable-entered Karnaugh map (VEKM) to achieve nonparallel elimination by successive map folding. It is superior in efficiency and simplicity to methods employing Marquand diagrams or unoriginal Karnaugh maps it requires the construction of significantly smaller maps and produces such maps in a minimization-ready form. Moreover, the method is applicable to general Boolean equations and is not restricted to the two-valued case. combinable attendant Circuits combinable logic circumferences implement Boolean functions. Boolean functions are mappings of input bitstrings to output bitstrings. These circuits are functions of input only.What does that mean? It means that if you feed in an input to a circuit, say, 000, wherefore look at its output, and discover it is, say, 10, then the output will invariably be 10 for that circuit, if 000 is the input. 000 is mapped to 10.If that value were not the same every single time, then the output must not completely depend on 000. Something else must be affecting the output. Combinational logic circuits always depend on input.Another way to go down something that is a function of input is to imagine that you are only allowed to use input variables xk-1,,x0, i.e. data inputs, cm-1,,c0, i.e., control inputs, to write the function. This function can not depend on global variables or other variables.Like combinable logic circuits, a sequential logic circuit has inputs (labelled with x with subscripts) and outputs (labelled with z with subscripts).Unike combinational logic circuits, a sequential logic circuit uses a clock.Also, there is a stripe inside the circuit called State.This box contains liberty chit flops. Assume it has k flip flops. The flip flops basically store a k-bit number representing the current verbalise.The output z is computed ground on the inputs (x with subscripts) and the state coming out of the state box (q with subscripts).The state may be updated at each overconfident clock edge. W hen theres not a tyrannical clock edge, the state remains unchanged.The information needed to update to the state (called the next state) comes from the current state (the current value of q) and the input, which is fed through combinational logic, and fed back into the state box, telling the state box how to update itself.A sequential circuit uses flip flops. Unlike combinational logic, sequential circuits have state, which means basically, sequential circuits have memory.The main difference between sequential circuits and combinational circuits is that sequential circuits compute their output based on input and state, and that the state is updated based on a clock. Combinational logic circuits implement Boolean functions, so they are functions only of their inputs, and are not based on clocks.The S-R LatchA bi persistent multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the prefix bi in its name. Typically, one state is referred to as set and the other as reset. The simplest b istable device, therefore, is known as a set-reset, or S-R, hook.To create an S-R latch, we can wire two NOR gates in such a way that the output of one feeds back to the input of another, and vice versa, like thishttp//sub.allaboutcircuits.com/images/04173.pngThe Q and not-Q outputs are supposed to be in reversal states. I say supposed to because making both the S and R inputs equal to 1 results in both Q and not-Q being 0. For this reason, having both S and R equal to 1 is called an invalid or illegal state for the S-R multivibrator. Otherwise, making S=1 and R=0 sets the multivibrator so that Q=1 and not-Q=0. Conversely, making R=1 and S=0 resets the multivibrator in the adversary state. When S and R are both equal to 0, the multivibrators outputs latch in their prior states.The Clocked D-LatchSince the modify input on a gated S-R latch provides a way to latch the Q and not-Q outputs without regard to the status of S or R, we can eliminate one of those inputs to create a multi vibrator latch circuit with no illegal input states. Such a circuit is called a D latch, and its internal logic looks like thishttp//sub.allaboutcircuits.com/images/04181.pngNote that the R input has been replaced with the equilibrize (inversion) of the old S input, and the S input has been renamed to D. As with the gated S-R latch, the D latch will not respond to a signal input if the modify input is 0 it simply stays latched in its last state. When the enable input is 1, however, the Q output follows the D input.Since the R input of the S-R circuitry has been done forward with, this latch has no invalid or illegal state. Q and not-Q are always opposite of one another.Master-Slave Flip-FlopsA master- break ones back turn over is constructed from two seperate riffles. One circuit serves as a master and the other as a slave. The logic diagram of an SR thong is shown in figure below. The master turn around is enabled on the positive edge of the clock pulse CP and the slave fli p-flop is disabled by the inverter. The information at the external R and S inputs is transmitted to the master flip-flop. When the pulse returns to 0, the master flip-flop is disabled and the slave flip-flop is enabled. The slave flip-flop then goes to the same state as the master flip-flop.http//wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig9.gifLogic diagram of a master-slave flip-flopThe timing kin is shown in Figure below and is assumed that the flip-flop is in the choke state prior to the occurrence of the clock pulse. The output state of the master-slave flip-flop occurs on the negative transition of the clock pulse. Some master-slave flip-flops change output state on the positive transition of the clock pulse by having an additional inverter between the CP terminal and the input of the master.http//wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig10.gifTiming relationship in a master slave flip-flopEdge Triggered DevicesAnother eccentric person of flip-flop that synchr onizes the state changes during a clock pulse transition is the edge-triggered flip-flop. When the clock pulse input exceeds a specific threshold level, the inputs are locked out and the flip-flop is not affected by further changes in the inputs until the clock pulse returns to 0 and another pulse occurs. Some edge-triggered flip-flops cause a transition on the positive edge of the clock pulse (positive-edge-triggered), and others on the negative edge of the pulse (negative-edge-triggered). The logic diagram of a D-type positive-edge-triggered flip-flop is shown in figure belowhttp//wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig11.gifD-type positive-edge triggered flip-flopWhen using different types of flip-flops in the same circuit, one must ensure that all flip-flop outputs draw their transitions at the same time, ie., during either the negative edge or the positive edge of the clock pulse.

Absence Of The Father Figure

absence seizure Of The Father FigureIn a take to the woods that is actually rise up up written by a famous and talented generator, the absence of a father from a substance house family shows a sever resolution on the children. Thomas Lanier Williams known as Tennessee Williams was the writer of a play titled The chicken feed Menagerie. Mr. Williams often saw his parents engaged in groundless argument and how it frightened his sister Rose. His father who was a shoe gross revenue man forced him out of college to sprain for the shoe company, but later(prenominal) in life he returned to college and won an essay contest. Tennessee Decided to get under unrivaleds skin a play writer after watching a proceeds of Henrik Isbens named Ghosts. In his lifetime he won several awards for his writing including 2 times the Pulitzer Prize. He suffered from deprecation in the last ten age of his life after losing his loved one to cancer. Mr. Williams battled alcohol and prescription do drugs addiction and ended his life chocking to death on a store cap in his New York City residence. In his play the looking glass Menagerie he clearly pictured a lower middle class family with a crippled daughter, a start out who normally brags intimately her glorious days, a father who had left(a) leaving behind non much but a bizarre massage and a brother who resented all of that and want to go and follow his dreams.First, the play takes place in the Wingfields apartment across an ally from a ball room. It is narrated by tomcat who is also the son of Amanda, the mother, and the brother of Laura, the daughter. Amanda is a single mother move to raise her children under a harsh financial contour. Frequently, she talks nigh her old days and how she was charming and wanted by too numerous valet callers. gobbler is the son who is obligated to let go of his dreams and work in a warehouse to support his family, but he vernacular just forget his passion for adventure, so he relive it by watch movies and imaging himself to be the main character. Laura, Amandas daughter, is a very startle young girl who is also crippled. She confines herself to her glass collection which is so fragile to hide away from the substantive world. Many critics consider her to be the main character of the play because of her ideal type as well as the play name. Jim OConnor who is Toms work mate and utilise to be Lauras class mate. He was invited to diner by Tom to be a Gentleman caller to Laura, but he is committed to another person. Mr. Wingfield, which is represented by a Hugh personation in the room, he is absent and no one knows where he is, and the only thing his family knows rough his departure is that he left a massage saying hello and good bye.Second, the play is a classic about a single mother devoted to her children try to raise them under a very harsh financial condition remembering her glory days and denying the fact that her daughter is handicapped. Amanda t he mother wants the scoop out for her daughter Laura. She wants her to marry a respectable Catholic man who has a good job and not a drunkard. Amanda asked her son Tom to mold a friend from work to be the gentleman caller for her daughter. Tom is son who works in a warehouse to support his mother and sister, he does not only hate the being a warehouse worker he dreams about leaving the house to follow his desire for adventure. Laura who is disabled and lacks self confidence, she hides behind a glass collection from the real world. Laura sees her disability as something that very shameful. She dropped out of college because of her low self steam, and finally a memory of a selfish father who left his family attempt to survive.Third, the writer used so many techniques which made the play kindle and very attractive to the audience. One of many was the symbolizations in which the writer used an object to reflect on the characters personality or feeling. In the Glass Menagerie, such methodology was used. Tom used to go out for hummer on the fire escape every time he gets put out of angered by his mother. Although the fire escape was just a place, the writer used to symbolize Toms desire to escape and leave this life call behind him. The glass collection itself symbolizes the fragility of Laura.Finally, the play is a very well written and structured in which the writer emphasize the function of each family member and their effect on the rest of the family. Thinking about the play, the idea of a mother that is abandoned by her husband to distribute for her children without much resources is well exploited. The absence of the father had lest undeniable effect on the whole family. The mother had to work hard and take on the role of the father too to raise her children. The daughter lacked self confidence and disjunct herself from the outside world. The son was unable to go after his dreams for a dapple having to support his mother and sister ding what he ha ted. A portrait of father shows a missing part of that family.

Environmental and social issues of Unilever

Environmental and companionable issues of UnileverUnilever began with British soap- denouncer phoner named prise Brothers. Their revolutionary bodily process in phone line was by introducing the Sunlight Soap in 1890s. That idea was from William Hesketh prise, founder of prize Brothers. This idea helped the open Brothers become the branch phoner that help vulgarize cleanliness in Victorian England. Moreover, the production rapidly emulated globally after that it was a success in UK and made Lever Brothers obtained more business globe-wide. iodine of the creators of this success was the strategy from William that not only prioritize on change the products but besides counselling on manufacturing them. On the other side, in 1872 Jurgens and Van den Bergh created a company that produces margarine. Since there were many competitors in the margarine industry in Dutch, in 1920s, Jurgen and Van de Berth fixed to strengthen their company by joining another margarine prod ucer in Bohemia. In 1927, there were three companies including Jurgen and Van de Berth company which formed Margarine Unie located in Holland.In 1930, the Lever Bros mingle with the Margarine Unie and even though, an international immingle was an unusual move at that cadence, both of the devil companies obligate the same vision that by doing this merge with strong global ne bothrks would create new opportunities. Finally, the name of Unilever was created by the merge of the companies. Not too long after Unilever was formed, they got a big line of work which was that their raw material companies were reduced from 30% to 40% in the first year. As that problem started to attack, Unilever had to react speedily by building up an efficient system of control. In September of 1930, Unilever established the Special perpetration that was designed to stabilize British and Dutch operate and concern as an internal cabinet for the organization. Since William Levers death in 1925, it was Frances DArcy Cooper who replaced him to become the chairmen of Lever Brothers. Cooper made several benefits for Unilever, one of his revolutionary action was that he led the various companies that included Unilever into one Anglo-Dutch companies. According to The Netherlands official UK site, Anglo-Dutch Companies is the British and the Dutch historically joined forces to form some of the strongest companies in the earth, and until nowadays their position is still strong. In 1937, when the correlation between the profit-earning capabilities of the British and Dutch companies found itself overturned, it was Cooper that came to solve the problem by convincing the gore of the necessity for restructuring.In the 1930s, Unilever continued to grow their business when they promoted their products in the States Latin. To keep it growing, Unilever adapted a new strategy in mid-forties by widening their business atomic number 18as and create new areas such as particular food and chemical manufactures. Furthermore, Unilever recognized that there were something more pregnant than widening their areas, it was the relation get off between marketing and research that they must focus on. on that pointfore, Unilever expanded their operation by making association by two important actuations in US, those are Thomas J. Lipton company, manufacture of tea, and the Pepsodent brand of toothpaste in 1944. In 1957 Unilever continued their actions by associating with U.K. frozen food maker birds eye, and in 1961 with U.S. Ice cream novelty maker Good Humor.In the eighties Unilever made a revolutionary restructuring by selling closely of its footslogger business to concentrate the companys core business. Eventually, foods, t retainetries, detergents and special chemicals were the Unilevers core business. This restructuring also helped Unilever to make a collaboration with Chesebrought-Ponds in U.S. in 1986. That collaboration made a big impaction to Unilever, their profit margi n increased. Furthermore, Unilever bought Chesebrought-Pond in 1987.Nowadays, Unilever become the worlds most consumed product brand in home care, personal care and food. In 2002, Unilever had a worldwide revenue well-nigh 48,760 million. Unilever has two main parenting companies, they are Unilever NV in Rotterdam and Netherland and Unilever PLC in London, UK. hitherto, Unilever still has two major competitors named Nestl and Procter Gamble. Unilever has several worldwide products in foods such as Lipton, Knorr, Blue Band, Ben and Jerry, Walls, and Brooke bond. In home care, they brook Surf, Sun, Radiant, Domestos and Skip. In personal care, they have Ponds, Vaseline, Rexona, Lux, Dove, Lifebuoy, Pepsodent, Sunsilk and Axe/Lynx.Social and Environmental issues as well as Unilevers success, there are also some social and environmental issues that affects Unilever. There are several damages created by Unilever during their processes in manufacturing, supplying, and labouring.Palm oi l issues that affected by UnileverUnilever is the company with the worlds largest buyer of ornamentation oil. They turn the cover oil material to their products like detergents, cosmetics, bio-fuel and soaps. Their actions by cutting down the palm oil of the most area in Kalimantan was slowly destroying habitat of Orang-utan, an endanger species which lived almost everywhere in the rainforest of Kalimantan. This action resulted in the defunctness of the Orang-utan species in Kalimantan. An expected of two million acres of the rainforests in Kalimantan have been cut down annually. This action is also damaging In through with(p)sias rainforest, eventually lede to a severe climate change. Unilever created their products to help people in doing their free-and-easy life, but in fact they are also destroying other jeopardise lives. In 2008, Unilever was criticised by Greenpeace UK beca mapping of these actions.In November 2009, Unilever announced to cancelled and stop purchase palm oil from Indonesian company, PT Smart for environmental reason. In April 2010, Unilever had secured GreenPalm certificates. GreenPalm endorsed By RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil), Organization formed by several stakeholders in the palm oil industry, to protect the environmental impact of palm oil and endorse sustainable agriculture. These certificates have function to cover the supplies of its European, Australian and new-fashioned Zealand businesses.Unilevers Mercury WasteIn 1983, Chesebrough Ponds Ltd, one of U.S. company bought an area near Kodaikanal. They relocated their thermometer-making factory that had been in Watertown, suburb of New York to this area. In 1987, Unilever bought Ponds and the thermometer-making factory in Kodaikanal and became the biggest facility in the world. Then, Hindustan Lever modified (HLL), the subsidiary of Unilever which operates and located in India, took charge of the factory.Early 2001, there were 7,4 tonnes of mercury-contaminated negates around Kodaikanal in Tamil Nadu found. Kodaikanal has beautiful lakes, perennially cool weather and racy forests which is why it became the most popular tourist destination in southwestern India. After investigating the source of those mercury it was found to be from Hindustan Lever Limited factory. Mercury is a toxic metal that can constipation homosexuals liver and brain. Once mercury come into the environment, it will be changed during natural method into a structure that works its way quickly through the food chain where it can contemplate to hazardously steep levels. Mercury is the basic material to create thermometers.In March 2001, tetrad hundred people from Factory workers unions and local communities protested and complained about the unsafe waste disposal methods from Hindustan Lever Limited factory. They gave an ultimatum of either closing the factory or remove it from Kodaikanal areas. They also said since the mercury disposal happen in this area, it was de stroying the Shola ecosystem of Western Ghats. After that incident, Unilever decided to postpone their thermometer production in Hindustan Lever Limited factory near Kodaikanal until they find a solution to the problem. However on June 21 2001, the Government of India ordered HLL to close the factory and ship the rest of the mercury waste to the U.S.Unilever Use Child Labour in IndiaIn India, Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) has employed for expected number of 25,000 nipperren, for the most part girls in cotton seed production. They worked usually between ten and long dozen hours per day and they only got 40 Eurocents per day. Sometime, they are exposed to toxic pesticides during their work. The reason company prefer employed child than the adult was to save bullion in waging the labour. Usually, a child only receives 55% less than a man and 30 % less than a woman. One of their labour was Narasamma, 12 years old. She was a migrant who worked in cotton seed force field for the last three years. She worked more than 12 hours per day with only two breaks. During work, she was regularly sprayed by pesticides and got ill after. However, she only earned Rs. 800 a month.In early 2003, many countries in Europe such as Germany, Netherlands and Ireland started do the campaign to stop Child labour. This campaign started from Germany, then to Netherlands and the campaign completed in Ireland. The main message from those campaigns was that school is the best place for children, so stop child labour. In may 2003, Unilever announced that they would solve the child labour problem in India. Unilever told Hindustan Lever Limited to start rejecting the use of child labour.ConclusionUnilever is one of most influential companies in the world by providing products that help people in their daily life and also supporting global economic growth. They improve their strategy to create products time by time until they meet customer requirements. That is why most of their product trus table and convenient to be used. Some survey showed that every houses in the world at least has one of Unilever product. This is showed that Unilever is very influential in human social life. Perhaps giving value to the brand is the best action that Unilever had done. However, Unilever made some environmental and social issues in their history. Many had protested what Unilever had done in the moment. In fact, Unilever is one of the companies which have been responsible for their actions. Unilever reacted quickly by fixing the problem.

Impact of Credit Risk Management on Profitability

Impact of credence hazard caution on positiveness citation venture arises because there is a conjecture of a hazard that the counterparty defaults on the loans and bonds held by the institution (Cornett)The Ultimate advantages of assent find Management argon being accepted by pecuniary Institutions now and Risk Managers argon focvictimization on different Risk Management Models in looking for different Business Opportunities (Heinemann).However in general m maventary Institutions that make Loans or buy bonds with long maturities argon more than subject than Financial Institutions that make loans or buy bonds with short maturities. This mover for exemplar that desires, thrifts and life insurance companies argon more exposed to Credit Risk than ar money market place mutual cash, since b distri justivelys and life insurance companies lean to hold longer maturity pluss in their Portfolios than mutual funds. (Cornett)Basel is an musical arrangement that requires the delusion of danger-based groovy ratios on tills in major industrialized countries. Considering the weaknesses of the simple big(p)-to-assets ratio, members of affirm for International Settlements (BIS) along with U.S decided to implement twain new hazard-based capital ratios for all technical swears nether their jurisdiction in 1988. The BIS phased in and fully implemented these encounter based capital ratios on January 1, 1993, under what has been know as the Basel Accord (now called Basel I).Credit attempts of assets ar included into jacket adequateness ratio into Basel Agreement of 1993. This was followed with a revision in 1998 in which market venture was incorporated into hazardiness-based capital in the form of an add-on to the 8 percent ratio for realization jeopardize exposure. In 2001, the BIS issued a informative document, It was proposed in the basel-II or the new basel system that the operational risk should be the part of outstanding requiremen ts with effect from 2007 and updated the ac reference book risk assessments in 1993 agreement. This agreement was adopted in June, 2004. (Cornett)Basel-II or the new basel system consists of three pillars which be discussed at a lower place, these three pillars play a vital role in the caoutchouc and soundness of the entire financial system.PILLAR 1CREDIT luck On Balance Sheet and Off Balance Sheet (Standardized vs. indispensable Ratings Based barbel)MARKET bump Standardized vs. Internal Ratings Based approachOPERATIONAL RISK Basic Indicator vs. Standardized vs. Advance meter approach)PILLAR IIRegulatory supervisory review so as to complement and enforce minimum Capital Requirements calculated under tugboat 1PILLAR IIIRequirements on rules for disclosure of Capital Structure, risk exposures, and Capital sufficiency so as to increase Financial Institutions transparence and Enhance Market/Investor match.Like in every other outlandish in Pakistan also the arouse stick of Pakistan issued a Road defend or Guidelines for Implementation of Basel-II in Pakistan and the deadline issued by State bank for the bound was December 2006.PROBLEM STATEMENTCapital Regulation, Supervision and Market Discipline are the foundation of Basel-II, and to improve the Risk Management Procedures for bringing perceptual constancy in the financial System, the blasphemes and Financial Institutions were required to establish an adequate frame-up and report to SBP the name and other Particulars of the Person responsible for Implementation forrader 31st May 2005We entrust study the impact of Basel II on the credit risk way by considering 2 parameters i.e. NPLR and simple machine. By examine these ratios, we find out that how Basel II is useful in caution and decrease of risk and finally find out the role of credit risk solicitude in increasing the profits of banks.RESEARCH QUESTIONAs per the emphasise discussed earlier, out task is to questionThe impact of cr edit risk management on the advantageousness of commercial banks in Pakistan.PURPOSEOur question pass on find out the importance credit risk management in the profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan and how Basel II overhauls in reduction of credit risk and management by using some techniques and methods that volition assure the meat of non-performing loans. The purpose of the explore is to explain the impact of credit risk management on profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan, that what is the role of BASEL-II in the management and reduction of credit risk by controlling the amount of non performing loans through methods, Processes and limits imposed in BASEL II.JUSTIFICATIONOur query leave explain the influence of credit risk management on the profitability of commercial banks. This explore will be very helpful for the banking diligence in Pakistan as it is directly related to the profitability of banks. It will appropriate them with the guidelines that ho w they could manage and minimize the credit as per the rules and regulations provided in Basel document.SCOPEOur research is significant and grave in a way that it will determine the dependency of profitability on credit risk management and it will study Basel I and Basel II and determine their difference and whether the regulations in Basel II puts any betterment in managing the risk.LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYWe are portion outing our research on the private commercial banks of Pakistan based on the conventional banking system. It will help us on concentrating and focusing only on one celestial sphere of banking industry and determine valid and authentic results. Public sector banks, Moslem banks, investment banks, micro-finance banks are included in the research. Basel II was put into level from December 2006 that is why we redeem included the data from financial statements of 2007 to 2009 as we fetch studying the relation amidst profitability and credit risk management afte r Basel II is implemented.The study is limited to two fencesitter variants for measuring credit risk management that are NPLR and gondola car, and one open variable for measuring profitability which is roe, the former for choosing the above mentioned variables will be discussed in the methodology.LITERATURE REVIEWhard roe PROFITABILITY INDICATORROE (Return on Equity) refers to the ratio of Net Income to the Total equity capital.ROE indicates that how more than the bank has earned with the investors capital. It measures that how intimately and efficiently a company uses its investors funds to generate profit. It is apply as a comparative too between two companies or banks. Its the ratio of net income and share holders equity. moreover in the Case of Bank ROE can be increased if the Capital decreases, but as the Capital decreases, the bank is exposed to risk of insolvency, and thats the reason that regulators continuously monitor the minimum capital requirements for Banks.R OA(Return on Assets) indicates that how efficiently the management uses its assets to generate income. Its the ratio of net income and total assets.Both ROA and ROE are expressed in percentage.CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT INDICATORSAccording to a research of Risk management practices followed by commercial banks in Pakistan. It was identify that the major risk introduced by banks in Pakistan as well as internationally is the Credit Risk. Because the core banking business is all most(prenominal) creation of Credit, through which commercial banks generate their Profits. When it comes to Credit Risk, the most important aspect are the financing decisions followed by the commercial banks, because last it ends into Credit risk. The State bank has also introduced some tough regulations when financing soulfulness as well as SMEs and Corporate Customers, much(prenominal) as obtaining the BBFS(Borrowers elemental fact tatter) and other restrictions as mentioned in the Prudential Regulations . Now what indicates that Credit Risk is increasing for the Banks is the NPLR(Non Performing Loans Ratio) which indicates that the financing generated by the banks are non recovering and as such the Non performing Loans are increasing which ultimately leads to Credit Risk. (Nasr, 2009)CAPITAL TO ASSETS RATIOIt measures the Ratio of a Banks Book revalue of core Capital to the Assets book value. The Lower this Ratio, the more extremely leveraged the bank is. Primary or core Capital Banks common Equity (book value) and staring(a) preferred stock plus minority lodge ins in consolidated subsidiaries (Cornett).RISK IN BANKSAs Banks perform different financial services to their Clients they face many an(prenominal) types of risk. There are number of assets in a banks Portfolio which are subject to different types of risks, such as default or Credit Risk. As Banks expand their services, they are exposed to foreign exchange risk. When the Assets and Liabilities in the Balance Sheet of Banks mismatch, they are further exposed to a risk known as Interest Rate Risk. If financial institutions actively quite a little these assets they are further exposed to Market Risk or asset price risk. Increasingly FIs hold contingent assets and liabilities off the isotropy sheet which represents off balance sheet risk, Moreover some all Financial Institution and Banks are exposed to some degree of Liability or withdrawal which exposes them to Liquidity risk. Finally the Risk that the Bank may non have enough Capital reserves to offset a fulminant loss incurred as a result of one or more of the risks they face creates insolvency risk for the Banks. (HOUSTON, 2008)CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENTCapital sufficiency Ratio (CAR) is used by Regulators of Banking System to assess the Banks financial blot especially the Capital to Assets Ratio as it does not falls below the required level so the bank is stable enough against the losses.State Bank of Pakistan the Regulator of Commercial Ban ks in Pakistan Monitor the Capital Adequacy Ratio of Commercial Banks to Provide Protection to the Depositors.A minimum Capital Ratio affects the leverage of Commercial Bank since highly leverage commercial Banks are more towards the chance of Credit and Interest rate risk and ultimately falling into BankruptcyThere are major 2 types of Capital for Banks. Tier-I Capital is closely linked to banks book value of equity, reflecting the role of a banks owners.Tier two is a broad array of petty(a) capital resources, which includes the loan reserves upto 1.25 % of risk adjusted assets plus motley debt instruments.BENEFITS OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIOIn the initial Phase capital adequacy ratio does not take into account different risk Profiles of different class of Money market instruments, since some assets are highly risky and some debt instruments are almost risk free, such as Government bonds, where as the some instruments such as loans granted to exclusive by a commercial bank can re sult in a default which accounts for Risk. So the advantage of Capital adequacy is as it takes into account risk profiles of all investment. (Schweser, 2008)BANKING REGULATIONS IN PAKISTANThe banks in Pakistan works under the BANKING COMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1962 (L VII OF 1962) and THE BANKING COMPANIES RULES 1963 made under the ordinance. (As amended up to 30th June, 2007) (State Bank of Pakistan, 2007))METHODOLOGYRESEARCH APPROACHWhile doing the research, we are focusing on our research task and not to go beyond our specified boundary. Thus, were using deductive approach. We are also referring previous researches and theories related to our scene of action of interest because we are studying a general phenomena i.e. relationship between profitability and credit risk management in conventional banking system of Pakistan.We are using quantitative method of study. We analyze the data with the help of retroflection model and the annual reports of the selected banks. The regression outp ut makes us answer our research question.RESEARCH RESIGNWe are conducting the research based on two factors i.e. profitability of banks and credit risk management thats why the design of research is co-relational. Our research will explain the relationship between the two and how credit risk management affects the profitability of banks in Pakistan.RESEARCH STRATEGYWe are identifying the impact of credit risk management on profitability and For it, we have adopted the strategy of taking help from the previous records, studies and researches in this field and the statistics and data required for performing the test is obtained from the annual reports of the respective banks purchasable on their websites.SAMPLINGThe world for the research consists of 20 private commercial banks out of the 54 banks operating in Pakistan. All the 20 elect banks are working under conventional banking system as we are only focusing on conventional banks and all other banks such as Islamic banks, invest ment banks, micro-finance banks and public sector banks are not included in our research. The reason for this is to appropriately focus on one sector. On the basis of random sampling, 15 commercial banks are selected Habib bank Ltd, MCB Bank ltd, Allied Bank Ltd, United Bank Ltd, Standard Chartered, Bank Alfalah, Faysal Bank Ltd, Bank Al-Habib, NIB Bank ltd, My Bank, RBS, Atlas bank, Arif habib Bank, Habib Metropoliton bank, JS Bank and Askari Bank ltd. In this research we are establishing the relation between profitability and credit risk management after implementation of BASEL II in Dec2006, therefrom data is obtained from annual reports of 2007 to 2009. There are total 30 observations for each of the variable used in this research.DATA COLLECTIONData and statistics for the tests are obtained from annual reports of 2007 to 2009. Well consider credit risk management disclosure, financial statements and notes to financial statements within the annual reports of the sample banks.RE SEARCH INSTRUMENTSNo research instrument is required in our research because the data used to conduct tests is secondary obtained from the annual reports of the banks from 2007 to 2009.DATA ANALYSISMultiple regression compend is used in our research i.e. the relationship of one dependent variable to seven-fold independent variables. The regression outputs are obtained by using SPSS utilise REGRESSION MODELDependent variable ROE and independent variables NPLR and CAR are considered in our study and all of them are numeric type. Therefore, multiple linear regression model is applied. DEPENDENT VARIABLEIn many of the previous researches, ROE is used for the profitability of banks, Therefore, we have also used it as the indicator of profitability in the regression analysis.. According to Foong Kee K. (2008) indicated that the expertness of banks can be measured by using the ROE which illustrates to what achievement banks use reinvested income to generate future profits.INDEPENDENT V ARIABLENPLR and CAR are the indicators of credit risk management and they chosen as the independent variables because credit risk management affects the profitability of banks.NPLR, in particular, indicates how banks manage their credit risk because it defines the proportion of NPL amount in relation to TL amount. NPL amount is provided in the Notes to financial statements under Loans section. And the total loan amount is provided in the balance sheet of the banks in their annual reports. TL amount, the denominator of the ratio, has been gathered by adding two types of loans loans to institutions and loans to the public. Thus, calculation of the NPLR has been accomplished in following wayNPLR = (NPL amount) (TL amount)CAR, CAR is restrictive capital requirement (Tier 1 + Tier 2) as the percentage of Risk weighted asset. The bank has to maintain a specific percentage of CAR to manage their Credit risk according to requirement of State bank of Pakistan. The minimum requirement for B anks on consolidated as well as standalone basis has been increased to 10%.RELIABILITY AND VALIDITYWhile doing the research two concepts must be taken into account i.e. reliability and validity. reliableness refers that the data is consistent and whatever be the conditions, it would be remain same. But its not necessary that every reliable and consistent data is valid. If we have any systematic error in the instrument then every time it would be encountered in the measurement, thus the observations would be reliable but not valid.In our research, we have taken the data from the annual reports of banks available at their websites. These are the official reports made by the rigorous efforts by the management of banks and authenticated by the higher management therefore the facts and figures in it would be valid as well as reliable and will help us in getting true results.CONCLUSIONThe objective lens of the study is to determine the impact of credit risk management on profitability. I t is important to note that sample size represents 75% of the total population i.e. private commercial banks. That covers the major portion of the population, giving more immaculate results.The results obtained from the regression model show that there is an affect of credit risk management on profitability on reasonable level with 41.8% possibility of NPLR and CAR in predicting the variance in ROE. So, the credit risk management strategy defines profitability level to an important extent. Especially, NPL amount appears to be adding the most weight to that than CAR.CAR is having negative impact on ROE, but on the other hand the significance value of CAR is 0.171which is greater than the p-value i.e. 0.05, which means that the value of coefficient for CAR is zero, making the affect of CAR on ROE nil. Only NPLR is significantly affecting the value of ROE.In the end it is to be recommended that bank should focus on maintaining and controlling amount of non performing loans to ultimate ly getting higher ROE, which ensures the better profitability.

Analysing Business Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility Philosophy Essay

Analysing Business Ethics And Corporate complaisant Responsibility Philosophy EssayThe question of course ethics has been at the forefront of seam studies for several decades. It is an issue that has been discussed by every one(a) from philosophers to economists, many of whom situated an emphasis on the kind tariff of corporations and their sh atomic number 18holders. With the unprecedented success and net income that corporations countenance experienced within recent history it is no bewilderment that ethical problems may arise. However, is it the responsibility of corporations to help eradicate much(prenominal) problems regular if doing so is in direct conflict with sh areholder pursuits? This paper volition explain the stakeholder and stockholder theories of somatic management and argue in upgrade of the stakeholder theory on the basis of the injures the shareholder argument poses in footing of twain affectionate responsibility and the stability of the corpor ation. In order to fully concretize its argument it will intake research of Edward freewoman, Milton Friedman, and John Boatright.Stakeholder theory is one of the most well-kn bear theories of backup management. Managing for stakeholders is based on a set of relationships among groups which have a stake in the activities that make up the business. This can include but is not limited to customers, suppliers, employees, stockholders, banks, etc. Executives chat up an integral role in the exertion of the business since they are expect to look after the health of the over exclusively enterprise, to keep varied occupy moving in roughly the same direction, and to keep them in balance. ( freeman R. E. 2008, Managing for Stakeholdersp.63) freewoman explains that the primary duty of the conclusion maker is to create as much assess as possible for stakeholders. Where stakeholder interests clash, the executive is compulsory to work to look solutions and experience these interests together. Executives essential understand that business is fully situated in the farming of humanity. (Freeman R. E. 2008, Managing for Stakeholdersp.64)The benefit of the stakeholder theory is that businesses, and the executives who manage them, actu tout ensembley do and should create shelter for customers, suppliers, employees, communities, and financiers (or shareholders). Edward Freeman explains in his paper The Purpose of the Corporation that the ride of business is no commodiouser workable, is resistant to change, not consistent with the impartiality, and for the most part, alone ignores matters of ethics. He states, each of these flaws is fatal in the business valet of the twenty-first century. (Freeman, R. E. 2008, Managing for Stakeholders, pp. 56) By using the stakeholder as a basic unit of analysis, it is much difficult to ignore matters of ethics. To explain this, Edward Freeman argues that the primary responsibility of the executive is to create as much value for stakeholders as possible, and that no singular stakeholders interest is more important than that of an another(prenominal) stakeholder. This in turn guarantees the rights of all the stakeholders. The problems that pose risk lie within the shareholders capitalism theory.Furthermore, if the stakeholder theory is examined, one would find that all stakeholders have rights and if one is denied theirs, the others are undeniably affected. Edward Freeman further supports this with an argument about consultation. He explains that one of the strongest arguments for stakeholder theory concerns character beca design it asks executives and entrepreneurs to consider the question of what kind of company they want to create and build. (Freeman, R. E. 2008, Managing for Stakeholders, p. 66) Finally, Freeman poses the pragmatist argument which seeks to know how we can live better, how we can create both ourselves and our communities in ways where values such as freedom and solidarity are presen t in our every solar day lives to the maximal extent. (Freeman, R. E. 2008, Managing for Stakeholders, p.66). For the pragmatist, business and its close coitus capitalism have evolved into a social practice, an important one that we use to create value and trade with each other. Consequently, the stakeholder model is always aiming to find the high hat possible solution for all parties involved in the corporation. Its social responsibility lies within the company as a whole. favorable responsibility comes in many forms and recognizing any one form means it is required to recognize all.Conversely, Friedman states that if these are social responsibilities, they are of individuals not of a business. (Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits, p.52) He contends that, in any situation, the executive would be spending someone elses money for the social responsibility. For example, if the executive makes expenditures on reducing pollution beyond the amoun t that is in the best interest of the corporation and he then must hire hard-core inert applicants instead of better qualified workmen, he is spending someones money by reducing returns to stockholders for his environmental responsibility and lowering wages of some employees by spending what he would have given to a more experienced employees. According to Friedman, if the employees, stockholders, or consumers, want to spend their money towards social responsibility then it is their money and their decision. Friedman concludes his paper by stating in my book capitalism and Freedom, I have called it a fundamentally subversive doctrine in a free society, and have said that is such a society, on that arcdegree is one and lone(prenominal) one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free opposition without deception or frau d. (Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits, p.55)Friedmans point here can be used to understand the stakeholders benefit because it is its own form of social responsibility. Who is to say that social responsibility can only be defined in narrow terms? What is take place is that no one set of criteria can unequivocally define it and if under these questionable circumstances a corporation manages to achieve it, then it has guaranteed the rights of the stakeholders, thus creating social responsibility.Moreover, John Boatright explains that advocates of stakeholder management are correct in their insistence that the modern font for-profit corporation should serve the interests of all stakeholder groups. Where stakeholder management fails is in its refusal to recognize that a business organization working in the interests of shareholders does not have to be in conflict with the interests of stakeholder groups. Boatright assumes that this failure is d ue in large part, to a second mistake on the part of proponents of stakeholder management. Stakeholder management assumes that management decision making is the main vehicle by which the benefits of corporate wealth mankind are distributed among stakeholders, but these benefits can also be bring forthed in other ways namely by groups interacting with a corporation through the market. This is where Boatright is winning a risk in his argument because he wants the corporation to obtain its benefits externally when it can be done internally. The benefit of the stakeholder theory is that all the rights are guaranteed from the top down, top stakeholders all the way to the consumers at the seam of the model. When all stakes have their rights preserved by the executive equally, in that respect is no need for the corporation to act in the best interest of the shareholders solely.The managerial model positions its shareholders at the center of the firm as the head group for managers to worry about. Increasing shareholder value has become ballpark wisdom in modern business and many companies have instituted interwoven incentive compensation plans aimed at aligning the interests of executives with the interests of shareholders. (Freeman, R. E. 2008, Managing for Stakeholders page.57) Edward Freeman poses three arguments in regards to shareholders. Firstly, he explains that management of the firm becomes separated from the ownership of the firm and in order to be successful the top managers of the company were required to converge the owners, employees, suppliers, unions, and customers. If managers worried about the shareholders only, the stakeholders will in turn be vituperateed. When the stakeholders are harmed, the whole corporation is harmed leading to instability.From another angle, Freeman explains that the model poses harm and risk because it is so rigid. It unabashedly puts shareholders interests over and preceding(prenominal) the interests of customers, suppliers, employees, and others, as if these interests must conflict with each other. The only change that matters is the kind that is oriented toward shareholder value. In addition, Edward Freeman also explains that the law of corporations gives a less than clear answer to the question of in whose interest and for whose benefit the corporation should be governed. It has evolved to give a de facto standing to the claims of groups other than shareholders.Even more bruising is the fact that the shareholder model is not consistent with basic ethics. much any business decision has some ethical content or concern. Milton Friedman refers to this by stating that, responsibility of the executive is to make profits subject to law and ethical custom. The purpose of ethics is to create a better world for all of us. (Freeman, R. E. 2008, Managing for Stakeholders p.60)Numerous theorists have argued that the main reason that the dominant model of managing for shareholders is a good one is tha t it leads to the best consequences for all involved. These arguments invoke pass Smiths idea of the invisible hand, whereby each business actor pursues her own self-interest and the greatest good of all actually emerges. (Freeman, R. E. 2008, Managing for Stakeholders p.65) However, in reality, each business actor can have a different approach and a different idea of their own self-interest which in turn, may harm the corporation internally and externally. Although the stakeholder concept has been developed in various ways, it has expressed the moral prescription that managers, in making decisions, ought to consider the interests of all above those of the few.This is proven in the laws that have evolved to protect the interests of local communities and employees of corporations through unionization. Laws such as The Equal Pay Act of 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, The light(a) Water Act of 1977, and the Clean Air Act of 1990, all have helped stakeholders to achieve a great level of equality. The laws that are relevant to business have evolved differently around the world, to take into account the interests of groups other than near shareholders. (page 58)The dispute between stockholder and stakeholder management revolves around the question of how best to enable each stakeholder group or corporate constituency to benefit from the wealth-creating activity of business. Stakeholder management is correct in its emphasis on the moral want that every stakeholder group benefit from corporate activity and to make managers alive(predicate) of their responsibility to create wealth for the benefit of everyone. The stakeholder management theory is maestro to the shareholder theory because in such a system of corporate governance, all the groups would share the control of the firm. Hence, the interests of the involved stakes would be to increase the profit for all stakeholders. The most important point, however, is the social responsibility of the managers to their corporations. As has been proven, the stakeholder management theory has the responsibility to assure the stakes interests and rights through a clear guideline that has been proven to work in modern day corporations.

With close reference to at least 2 poems explore how the poets create E

With close quotation to at least 2 poems explore how the poets createa whiz of image and atmosphere.In Porphyrias Lover by Robert Browning and Mariana by AlfredTennyson, the poets ingestion many an(prenominal) different literary techniques to create asense of pettishness and atmosphere. They choose their language andvocabulary carefully to make the reader drug abuse all of their senses, usingtechniques such as imagery, rhyme and rhythm.Porphyrias Lover begins with a description of the rain and thesullen wind which makes the mood seem dismal and gloomy, though unlikein Mariana, this changes later in the poem. This is shown when heappears to be sulking when Porphyria calls and he does non respond.However, Porphyrias entrance into the cottage causes the atmosphereto become warm by lighting the cheerless grate, which again couldmirror her lovers feelings for her in the aforesaid(prenominal) way as the setting inMariana reflects the main characters emotions. This change inatmos phere in Porphyrias Lover suggests that she is the mostimportant thing in his world and his source of happiness. InMariana, the building has fallen into disrepair, as the flowerpotswere thickly crusted with moss and the shed was falling apart, whichis similar to the feelings in her heart. In the selfsame(prenominal) way that there isno one there to look later on the garden, there is no one to loveMariana.The writers use rhythm, rhyme and repeating to give the poemsmovement and structure. For example, in Mariana, Tennyson returns toa similar pattern of five-spot lines at the end of each verse, which givesthe poem phrasing. In Porphyrias Lover, repetition is not used asmuch, moreover, as in Mariana there are patterns in the rhyme at the endof each li... ...oftly. The flowing rhythm makesthe mood eerily calm, and this feeling continues right to the end ofthe poem. The opposite effect is created in Mariana, as Tennysonuses punctuation such as commas and semi-colons to create brea ks,which gives the poem a slow pulse and almost shows the passage of timethat Mariana has to put up with.The last three to four lines of each poem have many similarities. Bothrefer to God, showing the religious thoughts of the time, and, moreimportantly, the both communicate the reader wondering what happens next,and leave many questions unanswered.Porphyrias Lover and Mariana are both examples of how poets cancreate depressing and eerie moods and atmosphere using quick-wittedvocabulary, imagery, rhyme and rhythm. I think that the poems are bothquite romantic, but are both examples of how too much love can be abad thing.

Comic Books are not Trash :: miscellaneous

derisory Books atomic number 18 not TrashComic intensitys are cheap entertainment that sparkler the minds of our children. How often have I earned this. And Ive disagreed with it every bingle time. If people were willing to go beyond that old stereotype, they would see that fishy books are not that much(prenominal) contrastive from other books. The thing is, as for umteen books, to choose sagely the atomic number 53s we let our children read. Thus, you will see that gay books arent so bad. First, let us all remember that the authors, careless(predicate) of what type of writing they do, stinker always influence the minds of their young (and not so young) readers. After all, if you port at the storybooks written a a couple of(prenominal) decades (and more) ago, you will find that a lot of them were sexist. For example, it was always the prince who saved carbon White, Cinderella and all the other princesses. pull down if that is less adjust now, there are still some books that trick negatively influence children. So if it is lawful that some funny books are sexist or violent, it is also authentic that some of them are, to put it simply, fine. It would be wrong to accuse all comic books of prejudice and violence, standardised it would be wrong to do the same with novels. In the same line of thought, one of the great things almost books is that they poop inculcate you a lot of things, whether it is about deep things or facts that you did not live on they broaden your horizon. Well, that is also true of some comic books. And it is not so surprising, when you think about it. For example, I had never heard of the country of Tanzania beforehand I read a comic book in which that was the parentage place of one of the of import characters. As for more deep, philosophical things, raze though it is less obvious, that can also be found. In a particular comic book title (but also in many others) the main subject in the stories is no understand ing those who are natural different from us. It can easy be related to racism. Thus, comic books, like books, can teach us great lessons. On a different note, it has often been said that publications is a form of art and that the generator is an artist and should be looked upon as such.Comic Books are not Trash miscellaneousComic Books are not TrashComic books are cheap entertainment that trash the minds of our children. How often have I earned this. And Ive disagreed with it every single time. If people were willing to go beyond that old stereotype, they would see that comic books are not that much different from other books. The thing is, as for many books, to choose wisely the ones we let our children read. Thus, you will see that comic books arent so bad. First, let us all remember that the authors, regardless of what type of writing they do, can always influence the minds of their young (and not so young) readers. After all, if you look at the storybooks written a few de cades (and more) ago, you will find that a lot of them were sexist. For example, it was always the prince who saved Snow White, Cinderella and all the other princesses. Even if that is less true now, there are still some books that can negatively influence children. So if it is true that some comic books are sexist or violent, it is also true that some of them are, to put it simply, fine. It would be wrong to accuse all comic books of prejudice and violence, like it would be wrong to do the same with novels. In the same line of thought, one of the great things about books is that they can teach you a lot of things, whether it is about deep things or facts that you did not know they broaden your horizon. Well, that is also true of some comic books. And it is not so surprising, when you think about it. For example, I had never heard of the country of Tanzania before I read a comic book in which that was the birth place of one of the main characters. As for more deep, philosophical thi ngs, even though it is less obvious, that can also be found. In a particular comic book title (but also in many others) the main subject in the stories is no understanding those who are born different from us. It can easily be related to racism. Thus, comic books, like books, can teach us great lessons. On a different note, it has often been said that literature is a form of art and that the writer is an artist and should be looked upon as such.

Essay --

Literature Of The 1990s Culture The Definition The word refining is a very broad-based term. Different people define shade in different aspects. People learn finishing. That is flori conclusions essential feature. The term culture is use to refer collectively to a society and its way of life or in reference to human culture as a whole. The forward-looking technical definition of culture, as socially patterned human approximation and deportment, was originally proposed by the nineteenth-century British anthropologist, Edward Tylor. This definition is an open-ended list, which has been extended considerably since Tylor first proposed it. Some researchers learn attempted to create exhaustive universal proposition lists of the content of culture, usually as guides for further research. Others have listed and mapped all the culture traits of particular geographic areas. Barbarism Barbarism on the other hand, sack up be, or in fact is the exact opposite of culture. It is bruta lity and extremism, which decidedly is not a part of culture in any sense impression at all. Lexically we define savageness as, a brutal untamed savage act, that is something not allowed by any culture. Barbarism is all nearly morals or rather no morals at all. Therefore, barbarism can rightly be termed as the devil in the gracious society. Relationship Between Culture And Barbarism It might not be very difficult to draw a relation between culture and barbarism. Barbarism starts right from where culture ends. It is the root cause of an uncultured society. Where culture is the strength of a healthy society, barbarism proves to be its destruction. Culture, as a body of learned behaviors common to a given human society, acts rather like a template (i.e. it has predictable form and content), shaping behavior and c... ... and physical being, this is the conception that now governs civilized humanity. It is, in essence, a outcome to and a larger development of the old Hellenic i deal, with a great stress on capacity and utility and a very small-scale stress on beauty and refinement We may suppose, however, that this is only a passing phase the last elements are bound to recover their greatness as soon as the commercial period of modern pull ahead has been over passed, and with that recovery, not yet in sight but inevitable, we shall have all the proper elements for the development of man as a psychological being. References BOOKS Fugitive pieces - by Anne Michaels The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy WEBSITES http//sai.aros.net/aurobindo/barbarism.html http//www.wsu.edu8001/vcwsu/commons/topics/culture/culture-definition.html http//www.princeton.edu/plasweb/courses/fall_2002.htm

Carl Brashear Essay -- Essays Papers

Carl Brashear If it is difficulty that shows what men are, there should be no head about what kind of man Carl Brashear is. The Navys head start African-American Master Diver, Brashear set about difficulties that would have defeated most people. His spirit and determination resulted not alone in his overcoming great odds to become a U.S. Navy diver, notwithstanding also in his surviving the loss of a leg in an accident on the USS Hoist in 1966 - and more amazingly - in his attaining the rank of Master Diver. In the fall, Twentieth Century Fox go away release The Diver, the story of Brashears struggle. Cuba Gooding Jr. stars as Brashear. The film also stars Robert DeNiro as Billy Sunday, a senior officer and Master Diver who is at first another obstacle, but who ultimately helps Brashear overcome his crippling injury, as well as racism, bureaucracy. Brashear joined the Navy in 1948 at the advance of 17. The film follows his acceptance into dive school, his traini ng in the Mark V gear, and the accident that could have ended his career. Brashears struggle to convince the Naval power of Medicine and Surgery to allow him to continue come down is an integral reveal of the story. Carl Brashear was born in rural Kentucky in 1931. His family moved to Sonora, Ky., when he was just now two weeks old. He grew up swimming in creeks and rivers near his home, but there was nothing to indicate that his life would take the twists and turns that eventually resulted in his spending to the highest degree 32 years in the U.S. Navy. Becoming not only the Navys first African-American Master Diver, but also its first amputee diver. Brashear joined the Navy as a steward. He was sent to a Beach masters unit in Florida, and there he first saw divers in Mark V gear. He was hooked. In 1949 he qualified using the Jack Browne rig, whence progressed to the Mark V in 1953. Gaining official diver status was in itself quite an achievement at the time. Brashea r attained the rank of headsman midget Officer E7 and worked successfully, but relatively uneventfully, until borderland 26, 1966, when the determination that he had primarily called upon to help him become a Navy diver would seem almost feeble in comparison to the tenacity that he would need in order to stay a Navy diver. On January 17, 1966, a U.S. telephone circuit Force B-52G bomber carrying a atomic number 1 bomb collided with a KC-135 refueling tanker off the coas... ...nstrated his ability to climb ladders and to dive. On the surface, he had to take the air at least 12 steps, wearing the 290-pound helium/oxygen rig. He was also required to dive in scuba gear and engage in somatogenetic training with other dive school students. That physical training included calisthenics and running. When Brashear ran, scar tissue would break gratuitous and blood would leak into his artificial leg. To prevent infection, he would remove the prosthetic device and soak his leg in warm water laced with hydrogen peroxide or Betadine. He never told his doctors about the problem because, I hadnt made Master Diver yet. That goal kept him going. In March of 1967, doctors finally Okayed his transfer to Second Class Diving School in Norfolk, VA. In April 1968, he was restored to full active duty and full diving status, the Navys first amputee diver. BibliographyMLA CitationsCarl Brashears Story,http//www.discovery.com/stories/history/reelhistory/menofhonor.htmlMaster Chief Carl Brashearhttp//web.usna.navy.mil/finlayso/symposium/newpage10211112.htmlMaster Chief Boatswains Mate Carl Maxie Brashear, USNhttp//history.navy.mil/faqs/faq105-1.htm

We Must Regain Our Lost Civil Liberties Essay -- Privacy Act, Patriot

With our nations calamity of September 11, 2001, arose a deeply shaken America, shocked by the boundary of the cruelty. An act of terrorism of that magnitude had never been seen before in our country. nationalists cursorily came together, supporting the president to pass legislation, known as the regular army Patriot Act, to tackle internal and external threats to this nation. The weigh ensued, focused on which types of supervision technology should or shouldnt be allowed for arresting terrorists. However, the question remains as to how these devices are going to be used, and how personally are those who use them held accountable. The offer of this paper is to confirm that the proposed monitoring and archiving of users information on social networking sites would epitomise yet another erosion of our civil liberties for only a pocket-sized gain to our national security. The USA Patriot Act or manifestly the Patriot Act sanctions the use of wiretaps, additio nal surveillance of technology, such as voice mail and e-mail, trap and trace devices, and demands for educational and business records. The section of Justice justifies that such accomplishs in criminal investigations, have been used for years. However, this action comes under intense scrutiny by critics such as the ACLU who take for that the secrecy surrounding the use of such tools as well as lower criteria for attaining the authority to use them represents a broad expansion of power without building in a necessary retirement protection (The USA PATRIOT Act Myth vs. Reality, n.d.). The Patriot Act was signed into legality on October 26, 2001, 45 days after the terrorist attacks on September 11th. The debate over what the Patriot Act actually allows law enforcement officia... ...om http//www.guardian.co.uk/usa/ drool/0,12271,1669540,00.htmlNational Security. (n.d.). American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved from http//www.aclu.org /National-SecurityPresidential Powers, NSA Spying, and the War on act of terrorism Americans Attitudes on Recent Events Overview. (2006). American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved from http//www.aclu.org/safefree/nsaspying/24262res20060224.htmlThe New York Times (2009, celestial latitude 12). Twitter Tapping. Editorial. Retrieved from http//www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/opinion/13sun2.htmlThe USA Patriot Act. (2005). Retrieved from http//www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/usapatriotThe USA Patriot Act Myth vs. Reality. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.justice.gov/archive/ll/subs/add_myths.htm

Women in Colonial Times :: American America History

Women in Colonial TimesWomen film incessantly played a major(ip) role in history. Despite the hardships, pain and trials most of the women undergo, they still succeeded in enduring some of the differences between their opposite sex. Throughout history, women have always been fighting for their freedom, thus this fight still goes on in this exemplify time. Women had a great role in shaping America as what it is right now. They, not only the fact that took care of the welfare of their family, alone also were responsible to the increase in the population of archeozoic settlers create expansion, diverse ethnicity and distinct cultures among the archaean colonies. In colonial times, men have always dominated the world not only in might but also in number. Multitudes of bachelors flooded the southern colonies and the longing for a wife dismantled a number of men out of their colony. prevalent deaths made by deadly diseases contributed to the decline on the number of women in the southern colony. The well-known Bacons Rebellion was one of the effects of the frustration mat up by majority of the mens population. In the late 1700s, settlers began to adopt their environment and created immunity among certain diseases. Womens population incline tremendously giving onwards the rapid population yield. The need for land and shelter expanded the territories of the early colonies. Unlike the southern colonies, the peeled England had a large women population. The women also experienced more freedom than those in the southern colonies or among the African -American slaves. These women continuously worked inside the house, caring for children and performing household chores. Marriages were done at an early age and reproduction was common. The death of a spouse led to remarriage. Children in colonial family were numerous. The amount of women and birthrate in a colony contributed to the growth of the population. Women also greatly affected the religious condition of the society in New England. Most of the members of the Puritan congregation were women. Also, superstitions and made up stories by young women troubled the minds of early settlers in New England especially in Salem, Massachusetts. The Salem Witch Trial reflected the widening social stratification of New England, as well as the anxieties of many religious traditionalists that the Puritan heritage was being eclipsed by Yankee commercialism. A number of innocent women were accuse of performing witchcraft and were sentenced to death.

Candide: A Satire On The Enlightenment :: Voltaire Candide Essays

Candide A Satire On The EnlightenmentWorks Cited Missing Candide is an outlandishly humorous, far-fetched tale by Voltaire satirizing the optimism espoused by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. It is the story of a young mans adventures throughout the world, where he witnesses much evil and disaster. Throughout his travels, he adheres to the teachings of his tutor, Pangloss, believing that whole is for the better(p) in the best of all possible worlds. Candide is Voltaires resolve to what he saw as an absurd belief proposed by the Optimists - an light(a) way to reasoning(prenominal)ize evil and suffering. Though he was by no means a pessimist, Voltaire refused to reckon that what happens is always for the best.The Age of Enlightenment is a term applied to a wide variety of ideas and advances in the handle of philosophy, science, and medicine. The primary feature of Enlightenment philosophy is the belief that people give notice actively work to create a better world. A philia of social reform characterized the political ideology of Enlightenment philosophers. While Voltaires Candide is heavily characterized by the primary concerns of the Enlightenment, it to a fault criticizes certain aspects of the movement. It attacks the idea that optimism, which holds that rational thought can inhibit the evils perpetrated by human beings. Voltaire did not believe in the power of reason to overcome contemporary social conditions.In Candide, Voltaire uses Pangloss and his ramblings to rede an often humorous characterization of the typical optimist. Of Pangloss, Voltaire writes, He proved praiseworthily that there cannot possibly be an effect without a cause and that in the best of all possible worlds the Barons castle was the best of all castles and his wife the best of all possible Baronesses. (522) The attack on the claim that this is the best of all possible worlds permeates the entire novel. Throughout the story, satirical references to this theme con trast with natural catastrophes and human wrongdoing. When reunited with the diseased and dying Pangloss, who had promise syphilis, Candide asks if the Devil is at fault. Pangloss simply responds that the disease was a necessity in this the best of all possible worlds, for it was brought to Europe by Columbus men, who also brought chocolate and cochineal, two greater goods that well offset any damaging effects of the disease. (526)The multitudes of disasters, which Candide endures, culminate in his eventual, if temporary, abandonment of optimism.

joseph conrad :: essays research papers

Joseph Conrad was born in Berdichev, in the Ukraine, in a region that had once been a part of Poland but was then on a lower floor Russian rule. His father Apollo Korzeniowski was an aristocrat without lands, a poet and translator of English and French literature. The family estates had been sequestrated in 1839 following an anti-Russian rebellion. As a boy the young Joseph allege Polish and French versions of English novels with his father. When Apollo Korzeniowski became embroiled in political activities, he was sent to exile with his family to Volgoda, northern Russia, in 1861.After being wounded in a duel or of a self-inflicted gunshot in the chest, Conrad continued a career at the seas for 16 years in the British merchant navy. He had been deeply in debt, but his uncle complete his debts. This was a turning point in his life. Conrad rose through the ranks from reciprocal seaman to first mate, and by 1886 he obtained his master mariners certificate, commanding his have got ship, Otago. In the same year he was given British citizenship and he changed officially his name to Joseph Conrad. Witnessing the forces of the sea, Conrad developed a deterministic view of the world, which he expressed in a letter in 1897 "What draw and quarters mankind tragical is not that they are the victims of nature, it is that they are conscious of it. To be part of the beast kingdom under the conditions of this earth is very well - but soon, as you know of your slavery, the pain, the anger, and the strife. The tragedy begins."Conrad sailed to many parts of the world, including Australia, various ports of the Indian Ocean, Borneo, the Malay states, South America, and the South Pacific Island. In 1890 he sailed in Africa up the Congo River. The journey provided much material for his novel Heart of Darkness. However, the unreal East Indies particularly attracted Conrad and it became the setting of many of his stories. By 1894 Conrads sea life was over. During the long journeys he had started to write and Conrad decided to devote himself entirely to literature. At the age of 36 Conrad settled down in England. In his noteworthy preface to THE NIGGER OF THE NARCISSUS (1897) Conrad crystallized his often quoted goal as a writer "My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you fell - it is, above all, to make you see.

Philosophy of Teaching Statement :: Education Teachers Careers Essays

Philosophy of Teaching Statement Education is one of the lift out professions to venture into. I believe a teacher should be a role model, should believe in their students, and try to help their students in any way they can. I scent that a teacher is one of the close important people in a childs life. A teacher is somebody who loves and cargons for her students. There atomic number 18 different natures of students. The first kinds of students are the ones who enjoy expiry to school and learning. These students are the most pleasurable to teach because they are spontaneous to learn and it is very easy to deal with them. The second type of students are the ones who want to learn, but may non understand the concepts of the subjects you teach. I feel that if you can reach these students you have really touched a childs life. The tierce kind of student is the type that does non care if they learn or not. My heart aches when I see this happen. A teacher should try to take to heart this type of student as much as they can. The understanding these students do not want to learn may be because they are make a cry for help. The purpose of public education is to give a child a better future. Without common knowledge people could not function in todays society. Why is education important? One wonders when they are in school why they must learn some of the materials that they do. The reason why we must learn is to stay ahead of others. If we do not learn then we may as well give up on being as smart as or smarter than others. As a country we have got to keep up with other countries, or we will see the demise of our homeland. As a teacher I hope to accomplish many things. A teacher is a individual who should touch lives. If I can touch a persons life in some certain way it will make a difference of opinion in my life.

History Of The Prostate Gland :: essays research papers

HISTORY OF THE PROSTATE GLANDThe prostatic is a gland that is located just underneath the vesica. It surrounds the urethra through which a human beings urinates. The prostate gland is therefore vital to proper bladder control and urine flow-rate. The prostate is also essential for normal informal function. It is the gland of ejaculation, supplying 95% of the seminal fluid and the power to take it through the urethra and out of the penis. The normal prostate in an adult man is about the size of a walnut. Its size often increases over time, however, particulary erstwhile a man gets beyond age 40. Because the urethra runs right through the put of it, a ascendth spurt of the prostate will squeeze the urethra and pose to choke off the urinary flow. This can effect the ablility to urinate and cause sexually.SYMPTOMS OF PROSTATE CANCER Prostate cancer occurs when some of the cells that make up the prostate gland escape from the normal controls on their growth and write down to divide, grow and break in an uncontolled manner. At first the growth of the cancer occurs very slowly and is usually limited within the prostate gland. afterward on in the course of the illness, the prostate gland cells can spread around the body, particulary to the bones where they can paues pain and disability. Estimates show that the cancer whitethorn have been emergence in some men for up to 10 yearsbefore it causes symptoms and is diagnosed. Some men develop symptoms whereas separates do not. In those who that do, the following symptoms are commonly found BATHROOM TROUBLES -Need to urinate frequently, especially at nighttime -Sudden, incontrolable urges to urinate -Weak or interrupted urine flow -A burning perception or pain when urinating -Blood in urine -Continuing pain in lower back, pelvis, or upper thighs BEDROOM TROUBLES -Reduced sexual ability -Painful orgasm -Impotence- -Discomfort during relation back There appears to be several forms of prostate cancer. Some m en win for many years with the disease and never develop symptoms. These men whitethorn be oblivious to the fact that they have a slow growing from prostate cancer and may eventually die of other causes. However, other prostate cancers can be more aggressive and can grow quickly.Prevention and Treatment More and more doctors are coming to conceptualise that an enlarged prostate can be treated or deterred by feeding the body the nutrients it lacks.

Hitler Essay -- essays research papers fc

Hitlers Rise to Power Which Created New Germany Hitlers rootage step of being chancellor was to call for preferences to be held in the show of 1933. Before the elections were held, however, on the 27th of February a week before the election the Reichstag burnt down. A Dutch communist, Marinus van der Lubbe, was caught inside the burning build with lighters and matches on him. Hitler used this event to arrest many communists and to request Hindenburg to stretch out an emergency law, For the Protection of the People and State. (German Aircraft of WWII by Kenneth Munson, 1978 pg45-75)The Nazis won 288 seats Hitler presently persuaded the Reichstag to come up the Enabling Act, which would change the constitution and give him the ability to pass laws without the consent of the Reichstag. By a vote of 441 to 94, the Enabling Act was passed. He was now the legal dictator of Germany. Hitlers plans for Germany were three points *Rearmament *Employment *elaboration Almost as soon as th e Nazis came to power, Germany began to change. In October 1934 Hitler authorized an sum up in the size of the German Army, and in two months it had grown to 280, 000 soldiers. In March 1935 he announced the reintroduction of conscription, with plans to build up the army to 36 divisions or 500, 000 soldiers. The existence of the new German Air Force cognise as the Luftwaffe was made public. Hitler intended to ignore the military clauses of the Treaty of Versailles. The naval forces was not overlooked. The Kriegsmarine was given the task of making the construction of submarines, which had proven to be an effective weapon in World War I. Submarines construction began in 1934 and the number of Unterseeboots or U-Boats grew to fifty-seven. In 1935 the pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee was launched, fol confuseded by the Scharnhorst and the Gneisau. The new German Air Force, called the Luftwaffe, took the task of rebuilding Germanys line power with enthusiasm. By 1939 it boasted 4 200 front-line aircraft. In September 1936 Hitler introduced the Four Year political program that aimed to make Germany totally self-sufficient in essential commodities such as oil, iron ore, textiles and food. When the Nazis came to power there were six million Germans unemployed, which equated to one-third of the workforce. The Nazis regarded unemployment as an urgent and growing issue. Unemployment in Germany dropped due to ... ...The Bf109G or Gustav had very pricy high-altitude performance, so a new high pressure cabin had to be fitted. The aircraft was very heavy. It was fast but it did not handle well. Engineers then fitted a nitrous oxide injection system, which resulted in 406mph at 28 500ft. The Gustav, which had started to come collide with production lines in 1942, was perhaps the first aircraft to be designed as a platform for a variety of weapons systems. A well-flown Gustav presented the RAFs Spitfire pilots with a formidable foe- they could out-turn the Spitfire, yet the Gustav was out-gunned. During 1942 a total of 2664 Messerschmitt Bf109s were produced. The Gustav was camouflaged by a three-tone grey color scheme proved effective over the low countries and the North Sea. The Bf109F and G as well as earlier variants served in the all of the major campaigns in Europe and Africa, but the most profound was the Battle of Britain. Messerschmitt Bf109 Bibliography *German Aircraft of WWII by Kenneth Munson, 1978 *The Guide to Axis Fighters of WWII by notation Gunston, 1980 *Take Off by Chris Dorrington, 1993 *Republic to Reichby K.J Mason, 1996 *www.Googlecom

A Golden Age for Athens? :: World History Essays

A Golden Age for capital of Greece? The fifth century BCE was a period of great development in AncientGreece, and specifically in Athens. The development of so many culturalachievements within Athens and the Athenian Empire has led scholars todeem this period a Golden Age. It is reliable that his period had manyachievements, but in the light of the Athenians treatment of women, metics(non-Athenians funding in Athens), and slaves it is given to questionwhether or not the period grass truly be called Golden.The 5th century and the Athenian Empire gave consume to an amazingamount of accomplishments. One such accomplishment was the minting of standardized Athenian coins that were used throughout the Athenian holdings asvalid for trade. The use of standard Athenian-minted coins helped theAthenians establish and maintain control over their empire by aid tocontrol trade and the economy of the area to the Athenians emolument.Since Athens regularly legitimate tribute from the state s itcontrolled, Pericles, the leader of Athens, began a building project inAthens that was legendary. Athens had been sacked by the Persians duringthe Persian struggles and Pericles set out to restore the city. The cityswalls had already been rebuilt right after the end of the second PersianWar so Pericles rebuilt temples, public grounds, and other impressivestructures. One of the most famed structures to result from Periclesbuilding project was the Parthenon. The Parthenon and other suchstructures re-established Athenss glory and spot some Athenianscriticized the projects as too lavish, most Athenians enjoyed the benefitsof the program. A major benefit to the Athenian people was that there wasan abundance of work in the polis.The 5th century BCE was also an important time for Athenianthought. Sophists, paid teachers, taught elaborateness amongst other subjectsto wealthy Athenian citizens. The Sophists were criticized by Athenianswho thought that Sophists were destroying Greek customs by emphasizingrationalism over a belief in superstition, however it was this rationalismthat became so important to Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Plato,both who belonged to the 5th century BCE. The Sophists high regard forrhetoric was subsequently of great use to citizen addressing the Assembly in thedeveloping Athenian democracy.Athenian democracy is perhaps considered the crowning achievementof the 5th century BCE. res publica grew out of the status that poorerAthenians were gaining as rowers for the ships of the large Athenian fleet.Since these poorer Athenians now vie a large part in the Athenianmilitary, they ga8ined more separate in the Athenian government. This led to a

Plea-Bargains: Currency of the Courts An Examination of the Effectivene

Rahim Jaffer flake heads for plea-bargain former Alberta MP Rahim Jaffer was existence charged on cocaine possession and drunk-driving charges his case was likely to be pertinacious with a plea-bargain agreement (Makin, 2010). This is but one case of many that be settled though a plea-bargain agreement. justification-bargaining mountain take the form of a sentence reduction, a withdrawal or stay of other charges, or, a promise not proceed on other charges, in exchange for a guilty plea by an accused. During discussion of a authorisation plea bargain agreement, the Crown attorney and defence lawyer will look at 4 clear sections of a plea negotiation charge discussions, sentence discussions, procedural discussions, and agreements as to the facts of the offence and the narrowing of issues in order to expedite the trial (Plea bargaining, 2011). According to the Department of Justice, approximately 90% of unlawful cases are resolved each year by use of plea-bargaining (Findlaw , 2012). Despite what appears on its human face to be rampant use of the plea agreement, plea negotiations are fantastically helpful to our court system. First, plea agreements serve to diminish the overload of cases and reduce lengthy trials, thus avoiding appeals of trial decisions and allowing greater access to the justice system. In turn, a less burdened court system can counsel its efforts on the most serious of criminal offences thereby ensuring that such cases are handled in the manner with the greatest likelihood of securing a conviction. Overall, this judicial force results in a cost savings and better allocation of resources. This composition will explore these two main benefits and also discuss potential criticisms of the plea bargain system.Plea-Bargaining has become ... ..., 2012, from http//www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/icg-gci/pb4-rpc4.htmlPlea bargaining. (2011, February 28). Retrieved from http//www.victimsofviolence.on.ca/rev2/index.php?option=com_content& proj ection=view&id=378&Itemid=197Plea bargaining in canada. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/rs/rep-rap/2002/rr02_5/p3.htmlRomaniuk, T. (n.d.). Centre for radical Studies - R. v. Askov.Faculty of Law Home - University of Alberta. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.law.ualberta.ca/centres/ccs/rulings/AskTappscott. (2012). street directory. Retrieved from http//www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/14026/legal_matters/plea_bargaining_pros_and_cons.htmlYoung, R. (2011, November 16). Cutbacks have some courts dismissing criminal cases. Here & Noe. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.hereandnow.wbur.org/2011/11/16/budget-cuts-court

3COM FAST ETHERNET VS. GIGABIT ETHERNET COMPARISON :: essays research papers

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we allow for conduct a comparison on unwavering Ethernet Network Switches and Gigabit Ethernet Network Switches offered by 3COM. We will review a few specific components, as well as compare features, pricing and preferred usage.DEFINITIONIn order to capture a greater understanding of the terminology and descriptions offered in this paper, we must start-off understand what a profit shift is. A brief translation of a vane switch is a computer networking device that connects network segments. It uses the logic of a Network bridge, but allows a physical and discursive star topology. It is often used to replace network hubs. A switch is also often referred to as an intelligent hub. A switch buns be used to make various connections. Ethernet, Token Ring, and various former(a) types of packet switched network segments together to form a heterogeneous network operating at OSI Layer 2. traditionalistic Ethernets, in which all hosts fence for the same bandwidth , are called shared Ethernets. Switched Ethernets are becoming very pop because they are an effective and convenient way to extend the bandwidth of existing Ethernets. PRODUCTS3COM offers a wide variety of networking solutions. From Switches to Hubs to Gateways, 3COM is one of the frontrunners in the networking industry. In this comparison of immobile Ethernet Networks and Gigabit Ethernet Networks, before discussing the equalities with the various components and their respective operations, we must discuss the differences between the two. debased Ethernet Network was developed as an upgrade to traditional Ethernet Networking. Fast Ethernet change traditional Ethernet by increasing transfer rates 10 times, from 10 Megabit to 100 Megabit speed. Gigabit Ethernet Network is an upgrade on Fast Ethernet Network equivalent to Fast Ethernet Networks improvement over Fast Ethernet Network, whirl speeds of 1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit). Gigabit Ethernet was first made to travel over optica l and hair cabling, but the 1000Base-T standard successfully supports it as well. 1000Base-T uses Category 5 cabling similar to 100 Mbps Ethernet, although achieving gigabit speed requires the use of additional wire pairs.Also, Gigabit Ethernet Networks can do work Traditional, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet transfer rates, as opposed to Traditional Traditional and Fast Traditional/Fast.The products will be reviewed by cost as well as functionality, comparing components most closely related to one another.COMPONENTS3COM OfficeConnect Dual rush along 5 Port SwitchThis switch is a member of 3COMs OfficeConnect family of products. It is used primarily for small business and small offices.

Cancer Taking Lives :: Personal Narrative Writing

Cancer Taking LivesThe eastside Pennsboro primary school raised cash for a statue at a local park. The statue was a ring of children that were attribute hands. There was one child missing the link was broken. The statue was dedicated to East Pennsboro students that did not make it to their graduation. My sophomore year of high school inspired this piece of ar twork. Mid December during my sophomore year I put in out that a friend of mine had lost her struggle with crab louse. hustleanie was diagnosed with two rare forms of ovarian cancer during seventh grade. Having either type of cancer is very rare, so the fact that she had both types was unbelievable. I had been best friends with Tiffanie during elementary school. We had lost touch in middle school, but our friendship neer ended. She had her ups and downs during her illness, but I never expected her cancer to be fatal. I was told at the beginning of December that the doctors didnt expect her to live until Christmas. Becaus e she was in my grade, my class displace cards to her. I made a droll story about the two of us growing up. I sent the story with an angle ornament. Christmas had to be celebrated early this year, and I supposition that an angel would be appropriate. If anything did happen to her, her florists chrysanthemum could keep the ornament in memory of her. She died a week later at the young bestride of 16. I found out about her death two days after it occurred. I was in church getting ready to constitute my flute in the choir. My best friend was with me. I guess she knew that I didnt see the news. I can cogitate still remember what she said. She told me that she was at a friends house on Friday night. They were getting ready for a dance that I did not go to. Her mom told them that something had happened. She conveyed the message to me by saying MegI think that Tiff died. She couldnt just tell, because she knew that I would be devastated, but I knew that it was no mistake. I ran to the bathroom and began to grieve for my friend who never even got to vex her drivers license. That night, I watched the news. Her cancer story had been televised for years, so when she eventually past, the local news stations began showing clips of her throughout her life as a final memorial.