History evacuation course work Essay

The two sources are different, source B is a picture taken during the war in1939 the year in which the war had started in September. It seems to have been used as a government propaganda source. The photo is to encourage people to evacuate their children, also to get people to look at the people in the picture see the faces in the picture and look at their spirit and get them to follow the example. I have made this conclusion because the picture looks as if it has been taken from high up and at an angle looking down, also all the people are waving and they all look happy and the formation they’re walking in is pretty organized. The government wanted this because they wanted people two evacuate. Source C is a teacher being interviewed in 1988 remembering what happened the teacher tells us about the start of the journey at the train station about the mothers trying to shout to there children good bye because they wont see them for a long time. The teacher might not remember every thing because its 50 years after the event so his memory would be patchy or might only focus on just the bad points in instead of the good. This source was probably made for teaching aides or an archive because sources e and f are also dated 1988. I think that source C is the most valuable source as evidence as what happened because source b was probably set up by the government to get people to agree with them that children should be evacuated this was important to the government because they don’t want children among the casualty list also they want to keep that generation because in ww1 they lost a generation of men. Source C is someone who was their giving their opinion on the matter this is valuable because someone is recalling the truth as they saw it happening before them. The extract comes from a book called Carries war it was written in 1973 by Nina Bowden. The book is a children’s novel it has been written to entertain children. This would affect the book by changing facts and figures because she needs to make it more interesting. The context of this story is the evacuees Carrie and nick being taken back to there evacuation home by there carer Miss Evans before this scene they would have had been at the train station being issued to there cares. Miss Evans thinks that the evacuees Nick and Carrie are poor Carrie and Nick think that it’s funny and aren’t really bothered. The characters think this because the children saw evacuation as a big adventure but the adults saw the children as smelly little things. The conditions some of the children come from were terrible the houses were terraced close together and very poor quality. I think this source is not very reliable at all it is a story it is a story it is made to entertain little children problems would be that the facts may be different and could that the author doesn’t have a clue.

Human Resource In Disneyland Essay

What extent do you feel it is useful to distinguish between different â€Å"levels of analysis† (i.e. global, regional, national and organizational) in understanding IHRM? Provide examples as appropriate. With the ever-increasing economic activities and inter-connections with other countries, the international integration is obvious. (Coase, 1937)IHRM is now confronted with different issues toward the cross-cultural configuration which the political, economic, social and legal systems among different countries are involved.(Mendenhall, M, 2000) Different levels of analysis can provide a framework for analyze and evaluate the IHRM practice, resource allocation or leadership style in making response to the internationalization process. For the global level analysis, it is based on the geocentric approach which is perceived as a worldwide stance which the best policies and the most qualified individuals to staff the operations.(Dowling and Schuler, 1990) Because of the increased complexity and operation scope with global operations, good understanding can benefit the multinational organizations in finding the most appropriate employees for the job. Nevertheless,lack of knowledge transfer and information flowmay be incurred from the complex global setting. Market information, cultural-dimensions and demographic issues are hard to obtain, especially in predicting the data from universal trend.(Sparrow, 2009) For example, Disneyland isdifficult to assess the flow of customers as leisure industry is of great seasonal variation. (The Walt Disney Company, 2010) Regional level analysis is based on the regiocentric approach on a particular geographic region. IHRM mangers can have the right and independence on making decisions as well as developing regional staffs. (Dowling and Schuler, 1990) For instance, HSBC is likely to develop the regioncentric approach to recruit personnel within a specific region like Europe, Asia, and India. (HSBC, 2010) National level analysis is based on the polycentric approach which the subsidiaries are treated as different national entity which is involved with some degree of autonomy. (Dowling and Schuler, 1990)According to Hofstede’s research, different cultural distance may be incurred from the operation in host countries. (Hofstede, 2001) This socio-cultural barrier is likely to fail the business. A polycentric approach is closely related to local responsiveness which brings advantages to the coordination between subsidiaries and increases cost efficiency.For  example, the world’s largest furniture retailerIKEA adopts the polycentric approach in Chinawhich is managed by host-country national. Employing local Chinese as managers to avoid inter-cultural management is performed withinIKEA’s operations in China. (China Daily, 2010) Organizational level analysis is based on ethnocentric approach which strategic decisions are made at the parent organization. (Dowling and Schuler, 1990) Managers can hence implement the strategy at a lower labour cost in favour the organizational goal. Overall, different level of analysis can be implied from operational requirement, strategic coordination or business systems. Distinguishing the level of analysis between one another cangreatly benefit the strategy formulation and implementation. (439words) References: China Daily, 2010. ‘IKEA to double stores in China’, Available: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-12/16/content_11711019.htm (Accessed: 2011, March 10). Coase, R., 1937. The nature of the firm. Economica, 4, 386-405. Dowling, P. and Schuler, R., 1990. International Dimensions of Human Resource Management, PWS-Kent. Hofstede, G., 2001. Culture’s Consequences – Comparing Values, Behaviors. Institutions and Organizations across Nations. Second Edition. London: Sage Publications. HSBC, 2010. ‘HSBC Holdings plc: Annual Report and Accounts 2010’, Available:http://www.hsbc.com/1/PA_1_1_S5/content/assets/investor_relations/hsbc2010ara0.pdf (Accessed: 2011, March 5). Mendenhall, M, 2000. Mapping the terrain of IHRM: a call for ongoing dialogue, Paper presented at 15th Workshop on Strategic HRM, Fontainebleau, France, and 30 March-1 April. Sparrow, P., 2009. Handbook of international human resource management: integrating people, process and context. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. The Walt Disney Company, 2010. ‘Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Financial Report and Shareholder Letter’, Available: http://amedi a.disney.go.com/investorrelations/annual_reports/WDC-10kwrap-2009.pdf (Accessed: 2011, March 2).

Free Essays on American Propaganda Of The First World War

American Propaganda of The First World War As the Great War dragged on in Europe throughout 1914, 1915, and 1916, an overwhelming majority of the American people were determined to stay out of a war they saw as none of their affair. America was still strongly isolationist and deeply reluctant to become involved in the disputes of the outside world. President Wilson had just won reelection to a second term based in large part upon his policy of staying out of the great European war, and was perceived as unlikely to allow the republic to be dragged into the bloody fighting across the Atlantic. But as events coalesced in 1917 a stark and threatening future appeared imminent. The Germans had just launched unrestricted submarine warfare in an effort to starve Great Britain into submission, the French armies appeared about to collapse, and Russia had dissolved in chaos and revolution. By early spring it had become increasingly clear to President Wilson and his advisers that the United States had no choice but to join the allied cause. If America didn’t come to the aid of the Allies Imperial Germany was certain to win, with dire consequences for the future of democracy. When America finally entered the war on April 6, 1917, it was very clear in Washington that unwavering public support would be crucial to the success of the wartime effort. So, as Pratkanis relates, (1999) within a week of the declaration of war President Wilson created the Committee on Public Information to promote the war domestically while publicizing American war aims abroad. The CPI recruited heavily from the business, newspaper, and art worlds, and blended public relations techniques with a sophisticated understanding of human psychology to disseminate propaganda on an unprecedented scale. The first task of the new organization was research. CPI staff were set to work gathering information about the war, particularly material rega... Free Essays on American Propaganda Of The First World War Free Essays on American Propaganda Of The First World War American Propaganda of The First World War As the Great War dragged on in Europe throughout 1914, 1915, and 1916, an overwhelming majority of the American people were determined to stay out of a war they saw as none of their affair. America was still strongly isolationist and deeply reluctant to become involved in the disputes of the outside world. President Wilson had just won reelection to a second term based in large part upon his policy of staying out of the great European war, and was perceived as unlikely to allow the republic to be dragged into the bloody fighting across the Atlantic. But as events coalesced in 1917 a stark and threatening future appeared imminent. The Germans had just launched unrestricted submarine warfare in an effort to starve Great Britain into submission, the French armies appeared about to collapse, and Russia had dissolved in chaos and revolution. By early spring it had become increasingly clear to President Wilson and his advisers that the United States had no choice but to join the allied cause. If America didn’t come to the aid of the Allies Imperial Germany was certain to win, with dire consequences for the future of democracy. When America finally entered the war on April 6, 1917, it was very clear in Washington that unwavering public support would be crucial to the success of the wartime effort. So, as Pratkanis relates, (1999) within a week of the declaration of war President Wilson created the Committee on Public Information to promote the war domestically while publicizing American war aims abroad. The CPI recruited heavily from the business, newspaper, and art worlds, and blended public relations techniques with a sophisticated understanding of human psychology to disseminate propaganda on an unprecedented scale. The first task of the new organization was research. CPI staff were set to work gathering information about the war, particularly material rega...

Marjorie Joyner and the Wave Machine

Marjorie Joyner and the Wave Machine An employee of  Madame Walkers  empire, Majorie Joyner invented a permanent wave machine. This device, patented in 1928, curled or permed womens hair for a relatively lengthy period of time. The wave machine was popular among women white and black allowing for longer-lasting wavy hair styles. Joyner went on to become a prominent figure in Walkers industry. Early Years Joyner was born in 1896 in the rural Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia and moved in 1912 to Chicago to go to school study cosmetology.   She was the granddaughter of a white slave owner and a slave. Joyner graduated from A.B. Molar Beauty School in Chicago in 1916. She was the first  African-American  to achieve this. At the beauty school, she  met  Madame C. J. Walker, an African-American beauty entrepreneur who owned a cosmetic empire. Always an advocate of beauty for women, Joyner went to work for Walker and oversaw 200 of her beauty schools, working as the national adviser. One of her major duties was sending Walkers hair stylists door-to-door, dressed in black skirts and white blouses with black satchels, containing a range of beauty products that were applied  in  the customers house. Joyner taught some 15,000 stylists over her 50-year career.   Wave Machine Joyner was also a leader in developing new products, such as her permanent wave machine. She  invented her wave machine as a solution to the hair problems of African-American women. Joyner took her inspiration from a pot roast. She cooked with paper pins to shorten prep time. She experimented initially with these paper rods and soon designed a table that could be used to curl or straighten hair by wrapping it on rods above the persons head and then cooking them to set the hair. Using this method, hairstyles would last several days. Joyners design was popular in  salons  with both African-American and white women. Joyner never profited  from  her invention, however, because Madame Walker owned the rights.  In 1987, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington opened an exhibit featuring Joyners permanent wave machine and a replica of her original salon.   Other Contributions Joyner also helped write the first cosmetology laws for the state of  Illinois,  and founded both a sorority and a national association for black beauticians. Joyner was friends with Eleanor  Roosevelt,  and helped found the  National Council of Negro Women. She was an advisor to the Democratic National Committee in the   1940s,  and advised several New Deal agencies trying to reach out to black women. Joyner was highly visible in the Chicago black community, as head of the  Chicago Defender  Charity network, and fundraiser for various schools.   Together with Mary Bethune Mcleod, Joyner founded the United Beauty School Owners and Teachers Association.  In 1973, at the age of 77, she was awarded a bachelors degree in psychology from  Bethune-Cookman College  in  Daytona Beach, Florida. Joyner also volunteered for several charities that helped house, educate, and find work for African Americans during the Great Depression.

Work Based Module on IMPACT OF LOW STAFF RETENTION Essay

Work Based Module on IMPACT OF LOW STAFF RETENTION - Essay Example In a world getting increasingly competitive courtesy of the new complexities that arise day by day, organizations all over the world are increasingly looking into ways to retain their staff as much as possible within the organizations. Staff retention has therefore gained much prominence as a subject of study in current times. Many scholars are getting interested in the topic and this has seen so many volumes of staff retention materials being cheered out. It therefore begs a deeper analysis into this important subject while laying greater emphasis on the causes and the impact of staff retention on the performance of organizations. In spite of the fact that staff retention has been a hot area of study by contemporary organizational researchers, it cannot be argued that it is an entirely new field. Writings from several early organization thinkers have demonstrated that staff retention is a topic that attracted much attention even in those early times. For instance Herzberg’s t wo factor theory and his theory on motivation greatly illustrate the behavior of employees in the organization as regards their working conditions and motivation. The need to retain the employees within the organization rises out of many reasons. Hiring employees is a procedural process that is always very costly and involving. It therefore becomes quite a burden to the organization if the employee turnover is very high. Most organizations pay external consulting firms to recruit for them the best employees. Such costs, coupled with the costs of training the workers and other support services in the recruitment process are just too high. It therefore becomes a futile effort if the retention rate is low in the organization. Another consequence that arises out of a low staff retention rate is the loss of valuable knowledge from the organization. It must be remembered that knowledge on organizational management is a valuable asset that is only accrued through experience. As such, organ izations really experience deficiencies in such knowledge if the employee turnover rate is very high. Studies have indicated that 40 per cent of organizations in the UK are normally affected by a low staff retention rate. It therefore shows that this is an issue that requires so much attention and address. High employee turn over rate is also disastrous to the organization in the sense that it interrupts the various relationships that have been created between the customers and the employees. In companies all over the world, relationships will normally develop between the different stakeholders of organizations. It is on such mutual relationships that organizations stand. New faces coming in daily in the organizations normally disrupt the flow of operations as customers find themselves with different people to deal with. It is therefore crucial that employee turn over is reduced as much as possible. When employees leave the organizations for other opportunities, much workload is nor mally left for the remaining workers. When the work becomes too much, the workers are often demoralized to the extent that some of them may opt to leave the organization. It therefore shows that when workers leave the organizations, it creates a ripple effect that eventually impacts disastrously on the organization. It has also been demonstrated that potential employees use employee satisfaction as a parameter in determining whether to work for organizations or not. Therefore, an organization with a low employee retention rate is likely to attract few job seekers. Considering that human capital is very integral to the success of any organization, it becomes very hard for any company to stay competitively in the market without a pool of

Analysis and evaluation of strategic choices in the airline industry Essay

Analysis and evaluation of strategic choices in the airline industry - Essay Example According to Barrett (2010), the airline industry has embraced mergers and acquisitions that have seen leading airline companies combine, or even own other companies in the quest to expand their investment, as well as, counter the ever changing environment; of this type of business venture. In the period of 2004-2011, a number of Mergers and acquisitions were encountered in this industry. For purposes of proper and effective analysis, few cases have been chosen in this study and will be looked at in the following section. According to Transatlantic airline alliances (2010), the airline industry can be described as complex and volatile; major crises face this industry like, fuel prices, world and regional economies. MERGERS AND ACQUISATIONS Mergers in the airline industry are a reality in the business world. A number of mergers have been experienced in this industry notably with the popular airlines as well as the smaller airlines. According to Barrett (2010), history has shown that s ubstantial airline mergers yield inconsiderable results at their best. This paper looks at two mergers that occurred in this industry between the years 2004 and 2011- merger of British Airways-Iberia and the Continental-United merger. This paper aims at evaluating the strategies behind these decisions, projected achievements and what prompted the companies in this industry to come up with the ideas of mergers and acquisitions. On critical analysis of the above mergers, various reasons can be deduced for coming up with the merger strategy. British Airways mergers and acquisitions The tough global economic situations being experienced has seen British Airways get into mergers and acquisitions as a way of trying to remain on board. British Airways has made four acquisitions, has taken no... The intention of this study is merger in the airline industry. A number of mergers have been experienced in this industry notably with the popular airlines as well as the smaller airlines. History has shown that substantial airline mergers yield inconsiderable results at their best. This paper looks at two mergers that occurred in this industry between the years 2004 and 2011- merger of British Airways-Iberia and the Continental-United merger. With a rise in joint ventures and strategic alliances popularity, their complexity and range of alternatives also increases. Thus, there is profound necessity for advisers to alert the parties in the airline industry the probable occurrences in the future. There is also need to understand the various circumstances and structures associated with these ventures and alliances. Structures of ventures include; an incorporated company, partnership and trading trust. Strategic alliances are less formal; also they might involve collaboration agreement. All ventures in general have one thing in common which, involve the fundamental aspect of a relationship working. Joint ventures and strategic alliances have continued to be in style world wide across all industry and specific to the airline industry. Notable points in the realization of effective and strategic achievements in this area are; legal advisors of mergers and acquisitions have the obligation of keeping up date with the ways and changes of the idea at hand. This will ensure that companies get to know both the profit and the risks behind getting into mergers and acquisitions, as well as, combined ventures and strategic alliances.

ETHICS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

ETHICS - Research Paper Example The code of ethics, however, is nothing if it is not applied to the activities of a business. One of the ways in which the activities of a business are framed for ethical conduct is through the application of law on how business is conducted. In this way, a sense of universality, at least within the context of a state, is managed in regard to ethical conduct. Laws are put into place to force corporations to behave in certain ways within the nation in order to conduct business in an ethically considered manner. The following essay will first discuss the various theories on ethics that provide a framework for the discussion of ethics. A discussion of law and ethics will allow for examples to be supplied of ways in which ethics and law work in concert to create a more morally responsible collaboration between business and society. A brief discussion about shareholder models of corporate governance in comparison to stakeholder models of corporate governance will provide a context for the concept of ethics as they are applied to business. The nature of business is not always in line with universally held views of ethics, however, in order to conduct business in a manner that is conducive to all parties impacted, ethics must be created to preserve social, cultural, and national states of morality. Business Ethics: Theories Ethical Fundamentalism Ethical fundamentalism is a theory in which the search for an ethical foundation is made through an outside source. According to Nagata â€Å"Fundamentalism is fast becoming the metaphor of choice in a quest to assign meaning to an ever widening range of ideas and behaviors, and it has recently migrated from its original narrow religious reference band to other domains† (481). In order to understand the parallel to religious considerations, one must assert the idea that in looking at a source or religious inspiration, one is looking to an outside source for how to frame behaviors or ideologies. In the search for founda tions of how to frame a business ethic, one might use a figure who represents a certain framework or an ideology that provides context to how an set of ethics is determined. Organizations that can be considered for its fundamentalist approach and through the strength of its work culture can be Wal-Mart and McDonalds. Both organizations have a foundation of ethics that are centered on the philosophies of their founders. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is based upon the concept of behavioral consequences. Bentham begins his discourse on utilitarianism by suggesting that there are two domains under which motivation is created: that of pleasure and pain. He calls these tow domains â€Å"sovereign masters†, having such power over actions that they are the contrasts that rule most all actions. He states â€Å"The principle of utility recognizes this subjugation, and assumes it for the foundation of that system, the object of which is to rear the fabric of felicity by the hands of re ason and of law† (Bentham 5). Bentham states that â€Å"By the principle of utility is meant that principle that approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever, according to the tendency which it appears to have to augment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interest is in question† (6). This can mean individual or community, or any